網頁應用 (Internet application)

Rich Internet applications (RIAs) are web applications that have most of the characteristics of desktop applications, typically delivered by way of standards based web browser plug-ins or independently via sandboxes or virtual machines.Examples of RIA frameworks include Curl, GWT, Adobe Flash/Adobe Flex/AIR, Java/JavaFX, Mozilla's XUL and Microsoft Silverlight.

The term was introduced in March 2002 by vendors like Macromedia who were addressing limitations at the time in the "richness of the application interfaces, media and content, and the overall sophistication of the solutions" by introducing proprietary extensions.

As web standards (such as HTML 5) have developed and web browsers' compliance has improved there is still need for such extensions, when companies want to bring a truly high-end, seamless experience to their users. Javascript compilers with their associated desktop-like widget sets reduce the need for browser extensions even further. HTML 5 delivers a pseudo-application platform.

It is still not possible to build RIA-like Web applications that run in all modern browsers without the need of special run-times or plug-ins. This means that if one could run a modern Ajax-based Web application outside of a web browser (e.g. using Mozilla Prism or Fluid) it would essentially be an RIA, though there is some contention as to whether this is actually the case.

豐富互聯網應用，是網絡應用程序具有的大部分特徵的桌面應用程序 ，通常的交付方式為標準基礎的網路瀏覽器 插件或獨立通過主機或虛擬機 。的例子RIA的框架包括柯爾 ， GWT ， Adobe Flash / Adobe的Flex / AIR， 爪哇 / JavaFX，Mozilla的XUL和微軟Silverlight。

這個詞是2002年3月推出由供應商如Macromedia公司正在解決限制誰在當時的“豐富性的應用程序接口，媒體和內容，總的複雜程度的解決方案”引入專有的擴展。

隨著Web標準 （如HTML 5中 ），已經開發和網頁瀏覽器的遵守情況有所改善但仍然需要這樣的擴展，當公司希望將真正高端的無縫體驗到他們的用戶。 JavaScript的編譯器及其相關的桌面設置等部件減少瀏覽器擴展需要進一步。HTML 5中提供了一個偽應用平台。

它仍然無法建立俄，如Web應用程序運行在所有現代瀏覽器，而無需特殊的運行時間或插件。 這意味著，如果一個可以運行的現代基於Ajax的 Web應用程序之外的網絡瀏覽器（例如，使用Mozilla的棱鏡或液體 ），它實際上是一個AIR，雖然有一些爭論，是否是真正的情況。

iterative - 迭代

Iteration means the act of repeating a process usually with the aim of approaching a desired goal or target or result. Each repetition of the process is also called an "iteration", and the results of one iteration are used as the starting point for the next iteration.
In the program, it can said to be the loop.

迭代通常是指行為重複的過程，目的是接近理想的目標或結果。每個重複的過程也稱為“循環”，一個迭代結果是作為下一次迭代的出發點。
在程式上,可以說是執行回圈。

Instant messaging

Pidgin 2.0 contact window

Pidgin 2.0 的連結畫面

(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaging)

Instant messaging/即時通訊(Source: wiki, Google網路字典)

Instant messaging (IM) is a collection of technologies that create the possibility of real-time text-based communication between two or more participants over the internet or some form of internal network/intranet. It is important to understand that what separates chat and instant messaging from technologies such as e-mail is the perceived synchronicity of the communication by the user - Chat happens in real-time. Some systems allow the sending of messages to people not currently logged on (offline messages), thus removing much of the difference between Instant Messaging and e-mail.



即時訊息是一個集合了技術而創造了可能用於

時實（即時的）以文本的方式來通信，在兩人甚至更多的參加者之間

以網路或內部網路／內聯網（通信）。

如何分辨聊天和即時通訊技術是很重要的，像是一些電子郵件被認為是

可以和用戶同步通信的在實時（即時的）聊天，有些系統（指即時通訊系統）

允許發送郵件的人目前沒有登錄（指離線信息），導致消除了大部分即時通訊和

電子郵件的差別。